• Precast column
• Precast bent cap

• Ducts are placed in precast bent cap, and reinforcing bars are extended from top of column
• After erecting the precast bent cap on the top of column, grout is pumped from the bottom of the bedding layer up into the ducts.

• validated by experimental test

• The design of grouted duct connection should address vertical joint stirrups, horizontal cross ties, transverse joint shear reinforcement, and provide sufficient anchorage length of column bars. Transition bars require tight length tolerance.

ADVANTAGES	CHALLENGE
• No formwork is required in field.	• Inappropriate duct grouting would reduce the performance of connection.
• Both column and bent cap can be precast and sufficiently connected.	• Extended column bars require small tolerance to fit duct in precast bent cap.

Structural performance	5/5 (0 have significant issue, 5 same/better when compared to conventional CIP method)
Constructability	3/5 (0 difficult, 5 easily)
Speed of construction	3/5 (0 very slow, 5 very fast)
Cost	5/5 (0 very expensive, 5 cost effective when compared to conventional CIP method)

Organization	Contact name	Phone number	E-mail
University of California, San Diego	Jose I. Restrepo Matthew J. Tobolski Eric E. Matsumoto